If the answer to "how does TDG work" is "I can't tell you simply" then I'm afraid it simply doesn't work for me, Dave, and won't work for others.
Of course I can answer all four of your questions easily:
"Democracy is one vote for every citizen on every issue."
"American democracy is a corporate oligarchy cloaked beneath a veil of charade voting."
"The American Constitution is America's governing document."
"A republic is the rule of elites for elite interests."
Thinking clearly isn't difficult. The real skill is learning to distill to the essence.
No one will give you fifteen minutes to explain TDG. There's a reason movies have trailers, and trailers have loglines.
I won't ask you again to explain TDG in a sentence or two, but once you've figured it out, I would genuinely love to hear it!